Zealandia The Drowned Continent of the South

Earth has seven continents. Thats something we all learn in school, as quickly as we learn their names: Europe, Asia (really Eurasia), Africa, North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica.  But these arent the only ones our planet has hosted since it formed. As it turns out, theres an eighth continent, the drowned continent of Zealandia. It cant be seen from the surface of Earth, but satellites can spot it, and geologists know about it. They confirmed its existence early in 2017, after years of mystery about just what was going on deep beneath the waves of the South Pacific near New Zealand. Key Takeaways: Zealandia Zealandia is a lost continent beneath the waves of the South Pacific Ocean. It was discovered using satellite mapping.Geologists found rocks in the region that were continental-type rocks, not oceanic rocks. That led them to suspect a drowned continent.Zealandia contains rich plant and animal populations, as well as minerals and other natural resources. Uncovering the Mystery The clues to this lost continent have been tantalizing: continental rocks where none should exist, and gravity anomalies surrounding a large chunk of underwater territory. The culprit in the mystery? Huge slabs of rock buried deep beneath the continents. These huge conveyor-belt-like subsurface chunks of rock are called tectonic plates. The  motions  of those plates have substantially changed all the continents and their positions since the time Earth was born, some 4.5 billion years ago. Now it turns out they also caused a continent to disappear. It seems incredible, but Earth is a living planet, changing constantly through the motions of tectonics. Thats the story geologists are uncovering, with the revelation that New Zealand and New Caledonia in the South Pacific are in fact the highest points of long-lost Zealandia. Its a tale of long, slow motions over millions of years that sent much of Zealandia plummeting below the waves, and the continent wasnt even suspected to exist until the twentieth century. The Story of Zealandia So, whats the scoop about Zealandia? This long-lost continent, sometimes also called Tasmantis, formed very early in Earths history. It was part of Gondwana, a huge supercontinent that existed as early as 600 million years ago. Earths very early history was dominated by large single continents that eventually broke up as the slow motions of plates moved land masses around. As it, too, was carried by tectonic plates, Zealandia eventually merged with another primordial continent called Laurasia to form an even larger supercontinent called Pangaea. Zealandias watery fate was sealed by the motions of two tectonic plates that lay beneath it: the southernmost Pacific Plate and its northern neighbor, the Indo-Australian plate. They were slipping past each other a few millimeters at a time each year, and that action slowly pulled Zealandia away from Antarctica and Australia, beginning some 85 million years ago. The slow separation caused Zealandia to sink, and by the late Cretaceous period  (some 66 million years ago) much of it was underwater. Only New Zealand, New Caledonia and a scattering of smaller islands remained above sea level. Geological Features The motions of the plates that caused Zealandia to sink continue to shape the underwater geology of the region into sunken regions called grabens and basins. Volcanic activity also occurs throughout the areas where one plate is subducting (diving under) another. Where the plates compress against each other, the Southern Alps exist where uplifting motion has sent the continent upward. This is similar to the formation of the Himalaya Mountains where the Indian Subcontinent meets the Eurasian plate. Zealandias oldest rocks date back to the Middle Cambrian period (about 500 million years ago). These are mainly limestones, sedimentary rocks made of the shells and skeletons of marine organisms. There is also some granite,  an igneous rock made up of feldspar, biotite, and other minerals,  that dates back to about the same time. Geologists continue to study rock cores in the hunt for older materials and to relate Zealandias rocks with its former neighbors Antarctica and Australia. The older rocks found so far are underneath layers of other sedimentary rocks that show evidence of the breakup that began to sink Zealandia millions of years ago. In the regions above water, volcanic rocks and features are evident throughout New Zealand and some of the remaining islands. Discovering the Lost Continent The story of Zealandias discovery is a sort of geological puzzle, with the pieces coming together over many decades. Scientists knew of the submerged areas of the region for many years, dating back to the early part of the 20th century, but it was only about twenty years ago that they began to consider the possibility of a lost continent. Detailed studies of the ocean surface in the region showed that the crust was different from other ocean crust. Not only was it thicker than oceanic crust, but the rocks also brought up from the ocean bottom and drilling cores were not from the oceanic crust. They were the continental type. How could this be, unless there was actually a continent hidden beneath the waves? Then, in 2002, a map taken using satellite measurements of the gravity of the region  revealed the rough structure of the continent. Essentially, the gravity of oceanic crust is different from that of continental crust, and that can be measured by satellite. The map showed a definite difference between the regions of deep-ocean bottom and Zealandia. That was when geologists began to think that a missing continent had been found. Further measurements of rock cores, subsurface studies by marine geologists, and more satellite mapping influenced geologists to consider that Zealandia actually is a continent. The discovery, which took decades to confirm, was made public in 2017 when a team of geologists announced that Zealandia was officially a continent. Whats Next for Zealandia? The continent is rich with natural resources, making the land of special interest to international governments and corporations. But it is also home to unique biological populations, as well as mineral deposits that are actively under development. For geologists and planetary scientists, the area holds many clues to our planets past, and may help scientists understand landforms seen on other worlds in the solar system.

The Program For International Student Assessment - 1685 Words

The struggle to find employees with the indispensable technical and critical problem-solving skills has become increasingly complicated. The H.R. 1020 offers a solution to promote these skills into the working class field, inclusively the educators who will teach the generation of tomorrow. The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is prime evidence that we need STEM education to widen across the nation. It is an international assessment that measures students reading, mathematics, and science literacy skills and is taken every three years. Sadly, results seem to be plummeting, for example in 2009 the U.S. ranked 24 in math and 19 in science. Now, in the most recent assessment, 2012, we are now in 29th place in math and†¦show more content†¦Representative Rep. John Kline (R) is openly opposed to this act, he said, â€Å"the government already had more than 200 STEM education programs, and creating a new program would only add to the STEM bureaucracy (Dykes)â € . About 1,169 million dollars have been estimated the cost of renewing the STEM Act and enforcing it to play. The question here, is it worth it, will there be more costly issues as a cause, and more importantly is it a real problem, according to Rep. Lamar Smith and his cosponsors, it is. Similar STEM programs have approved and according to Rep. Gowdy, it has had little effect on education for both students and teachers because few learn how to apply it to the real world. A legislators duty when opening up a new policy is to determine if the problem is real, that if no action is to be taken, will the problem cause a financial, social, educational, or moral effect? From there they continue and figure if there will be any problems submerging if we do sign on a policy solution. Thus, is the problem on education real, and if so, will the STEM Education Act be the precise solution? The problem that the STEM policy is trying to solve is jobs that are in abundance in America, but qualifications are too high for many citizens. Therefore, H.R. 1020 wants to start from the beginning, trying to improve the cycle that many if not all the kids face, the classroom. The STEM plan will cover from toddlers to civil engineers,

Cbest Essay Writing Topics - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesnt

Cbest Essay Writing Topics - an in Depth Anaylsis on What Works and What Doesn't Choosing Good Cbest Essay Writing Topics College application essay topics are an essential portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go right to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. Some sample topics are given below. It follows that persuasive essay topics and analytical essay topics are the ones which you ought to be aiming for. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. If you need assistance outlining, have a look at this report. You also need to know how to work with complex elements of grammar and speech. Your response shouldn't be longer than 300-400 words. Organize your points into various paragraphs, while ensuring the stream of the essay. The Birth of Cbest Essay Writing Topics For expository essays, exam candida tes will be supplied a statement. Paper-based scores take approximately 3 weeks. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Most students have a tendency to decide on easy essay topics by talking about themselves, doing their very best to express their distinctive qualities and trying to stick out from the remainder of the pack. Cbest Essay Writing Topics Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, in addition to make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to have tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. We'll deal with them, and for an affordable price, as we understand that students typically don't have plenty of money to spare. How ever, you can rest assured that you're getting a fine work for the price tag you're paying. It is possible to also acquire several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The Hidden Truth About Cbest Essay Writing Topics Now, this doesn't indicate that you should avoid writing a brilliant story they feel is semi-revolutionary. Neither topic demands any advanced, specialized understanding. If you're likely to be writing this kind of essay over and over again, you want to comprehend how to compose a good one. That's a great deal of expository essay writing! Don't forget to look at your writing after you've finished. Your writing ought to be neat and legible. It should be in the first person (I). Introducing Cbes t Essay Writing Topics Other individuals think technology has improved the standard of life. Lots of people point to the additional pressures of everyday life as a main cause of depression. Technology is very much part of contemporary life. The Birth of Cbest Essay Writing Topics Our directory of absolutely free CBEST practice tests are given below. Studying for your test utilizing sample questions is among the absolute most efficient study practices it is possible to utilize. When the test day arrives you are going to have no surprises! When taking this part of the CBEST, it is very important to try to remember that it is a component of a bigger test. Our absolutely free CBEST sample tests offer you an opportunity to evaluate how well you're ready for the true test, then concentrate on the regions you will need work on. The free CBEST Writing practice test is specially designed to make certain that the test-taker is knowledgeable about the CBEST and has the ability to un derstand what things to expect when it's time to take the Writing part of the CBEST. Men and women argue fracking is a powerful approach to extract natural gas, but others argue it's too dangerous and is bad for the environment. So if one was planning to begin their career as an author by means of this medium, they may have to look elsewhere! Though some say no cost public transportation would assist the environment and decrease traffic, others think completely free public transportation is too pricey, and the government can't afford to cover it. Word problems on your basic skills test will require you to earn logical deductions depending on the info provided.

Law of Business Organization Case of Donald

Questions: 1.Whether Donald would still be Considered as a worker of ABC Corporation or not? 2.On the assumption of people that Donald was an Employee, then Whether ABC company have contravened any Federal Regulation for Forcing Donald to Contract with DEF or not? 3.If the Individuals Presume Donald as an Employee then Whether ABC have under Common Law or legislation a duty to Provide Donald a Notice of Termination or not? Answers: 1.It has been clearly affirmed that for determining whether a person would be considered as an employee or an independent contractor at law, primarily it requires the applicability of the common law test. The Common law test for determining whether an association was one of the independent Contractor or the employment was defined as the multi factor test (CPA Australia, 2017). This includes recognizing and evaluating a number of features of the association to determine where the stability prevails (Australian Government, 2017). So, there have been certain features which the tribunals have considered for determination such as: Basis Employee Independent Contractor Contract An employee under employment law has a contract of service. The independent contractor on the other hand has a contract for service under the prescribed law. Delegation The employee could not delegate the task to other individual which was assigned to him. The Independent contractor could delegate his work to other individuals if he wishes to. Control The employer has a full fledged control over an employee as he carries out an allocated job for a settled cost. The employer has no authoritative controlling capacity over the working duration or the manner in which the task was done by the independent contractor (FMW, 2017). But it also includes certain other tests to be kept in mind while determining the status of a person to be an employee or the Independent Contractor such as: Primarily, it has been observed that the courts have been using a conventional test which was also regarded as the control test (Australian Government, 2017). It was clearly established in the Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd(1955) 93 CLR 561 that a right for exercising control, rather than the exercising distinct control was recognized as a crucial factor and was a tough symbol of a relationship which subsists among the employer and the worker. Another test i.e. the integration test categorizes workers on the basis of their amount of contribution into the business. Similarly, if a person wears a uniform then it could be a sign that he was an employee. But, a preferable test which was prevailing in the state for determination was the multiple indicia test as the same was affirmed in the matter of Stevens v Broadribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd and was afterwards was established in Hollis v Vabu Pty Limited. So, by applying the multi factor test it could be concluded that there were features for both the employer and employee association, therefore it was merely a case of considering these factors. 2.Under the Fair Work Act 2009, the common law concept of constructive dismissal, permits for a judgment that a worker was observed to be dismissed in circumstances where: The employer clearly asks the worker to resign or he would face a endangered or imminent discharge, or; The act of the employer may leave the feelings of the worker that he or she has no practical option but to leave (Dundas Lawyers, 2014). Similarly, such a situation would prevail when the actions of the employer were so detrimental, unpleasant or distant to the agreement of service under employment and the association of employment that the worker could not be predictable to cope up with the same (Thornton, 2014). For example, when an employer makes the life of the worker tremendously hard, to make an effort to have the worker leave, rather than absolutely firing the worker, the employer was trying to enforce a constructive discharge. In Hobbs v Achilleus Taxation Pty Ltd ATF the Achilleus Taxation Trust; Achilleus Accounting Pty Ltd ATF the Achilleus Accounting Trust [2012] FWA 2907 it was concluded that it was the employee who has to illustrate that the major causative elements which have led to the resignation of the worker was the action of employer. The actions must be confirmed to have been unwaveringly and unavoidably resulted in the resignation of the worker. Similarly the employee would have sustained to be occupied but for the hypothetical act (Squire Patton Boogs, 2013). Also, the resignation of the employee must also occur unswervingly after, the protested act of the employee which could be said to have recognized as the continued survival of the employment contract. But such a concept of Constructive dismissal repeatedly forms the basis of "dismissal-related" claims such as unfair dismissal or a violation of the universal safeguarding provisions of the Fair Work Act (Minken Employment Lawyers, 2017). A current instance was the case of Foster v Sushi Tribe Pty Ltd T/A Pacific Retail Management [2016] FWC 2201 in which it was confirmed that the Fair Work Commission have stated that the claimant was constructively released by the employer form the employment. Similarly, all such cases also make it comprehensible that managers would require to vigilantly considering their actions when they make a decision under which they wish to be discharge for the act of the employee. There was scarcely ever a low-risk easy way which could have replaced good organism without a job discussion (Legal Vision,2016). 3.A notice to given at the time of termination has been defined as an endorsed, printed notice stating that a person was terminated from the job and would no longer be working a a employee. But for terminating a person reasons must be stated (HopGood Ganim, 2015). Also, each time an employee would be asked to leave then such person would be allowed to have a notice or expenditure in lieu of notice from the employer. Such a notice must be provided by the employer as he was obligated to do so. Similarly, if the employer fails to give notice as per the Act the he might be liable to pay damages for the same (Dunne Slaytor, 2017). In a number of matters it has been observed that, when a service of an employee was ended by the employer who has been ceaselessly employed for last 3 months then the manager must grant the worker with either a non verbal notice of termination or damages (Find Law, 2017). In Susanna Ma v Expeditors International Pty Ltd; Susanna Ma v Expeditors Pty Limited [2014] NSWSC 859 it was concluded that the claimant filed a case for failure to give notice for termination and asked to get 10 months pay in lieu of notice. But the court found out that the notice was given and so the damages must not be paid by the employer. Conclusion As a result, it has been concluded at the end that if it would be presumed that Donald was a worker then the ABC have a duty to provide Donald a notice of termination, at law. Also, at the same time as no notice was granted to the employee so even after he was asked to leave and was if required to be no longer a worker than also he would get his cost which he was in lieu of. Consequently, it could be stated that if individuals presume Donald as a worker of ABC Corporation, then ABC would evidently be in violation of the Fair Work Act as ABC asked him to agreement with DEF. Such an act was vehemently obligated on Donald as he was specifically told that if he would not resign then he would not get any work. So, at the end it would be concluded that Donald would not still be considered as a worker of the company as he gave his resignation from ABC Corporation. References Australian Government. (2017). Employee Or Contractor. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.abcc.gov.au/rights-and-responsibilities/engaging-contractors/employee-or-contractor Australian Government. (2017). How To Determine If A Worker Is An Employee Or An Independent Contractor. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.abcc.gov.au/resources/fact-sheets/independent-contractors/how-determine-if-worker-employee-or-independent CPA Australia. (2017). Employees And Contractors. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/practice-management/employee-versus-contractor-complete-transcript.pdf Dundas Lawyers. (2014). Changes to employment may trigger a constructive dismissal claim. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.dundaslawyers.com.au/changes-to-employment-may-trigger-a-constructive-dismissal-claim/ Dunne, M. Slaytor, E. (2017). Deductions from Wages or Salary when are they permitted under the Fair Work Act?. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.hunthunt.com.au/news-and-publications/deductions Find Law. (2017). What is reasonable notice when a contract of employment is terminated?. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5088/what-is-reasonable-notice-when-a-contract-of-emplo.aspx FMW. (2017). Employee Or Contractor?. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.fmw.com.au/files/employee_or_contractor.pdf HopGood Ganim. (2015). HG Employment Law Alert: Reasonable notice for terminations?. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.hopgoodganim.com.au/page/Publications/HG_Employment_Law_Alert_%E2%80%9CReasonable_notice%E2%80%9D_for_terminations_-_27_January_2015/ Legal Vision. (2016). What is Constructive Dismissal or Forced Redundancy?. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://legalvision.com.au/constructive-dismissal-or-forced-redundancy/ Minken Employment Lawyers. (2017). Constructive DismissalWhen Resigning May Actually be Wrongful Dismissal. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.minkenemploymentlawyers.com/employment-law-issues/constructive-dismissal-when-resigning-may-actually-be-wrongful-dismissal/ Squire Patton Boogs. (2013). Voluntary resignation or constructive dismissal? Employers be wary. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=26f7810f-3675-4ae0-9771-8d4a286d01b7 Thornton, E. (2014). Constructive dismissal: Resignation brought about by the conduct of the employer. Retrieved on 18th February 2017 from: https://www.mauriceblackburn.com.au/about/media-centre/newsletters/employment-industrial-law/issue-20-2014/constructive-dismissal-resignation-brought-about-by-the-conduct-of-the-employer/